All About RAM

RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer that it retrievable storage is accessed within a fixed time does not care where the data within the memory. This contrasts with the serial memory devices, such as magnetic tape, disc & drum, where the mechanical movement of storage media dr force the computer to access data sequentially.
-Glossary Of RAM
1. Speed
2. Megahertz
3. PC Rating
4. CAS Latency
- KNOW YOUR PART Of RAM
1. PCB (Printed Circuit Board)
2. Contact Point
3. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
4. Chip Packaging
5. DIP (Dual In-Line Package)
6. TSOP (Thin Small Outline Package)
7. CSP (Chip Scale Package)
- A history of RAM
 
1. RAM
RAM discovered by Robert Dennard and produced on a large - scale by Intel in 1968, long before PC was invented by IBM pd thn 1981. From here begins the development of RAM. At the beginning of creation, the RAM requires a voltage of 5.0 volts to run at a frequency of 4.77 MHz, with memory access time (access time) of about 200ns (1ns = 10-9 seconds).
 
2. DRAM
Pd 1970, IBM created a labeled DRAM memory. DRAM who has a working frequency varies between 4.77 MHz to 40MHz.
3. FP RAM
Fast Page Mode DRAM or FPM DRAM found shortened by about 1987. The memory of this type of direct marketing to dominate the memory, and people often call this type of memory "DRAM" alone, without naming the FPM. This type of memory works like an index or table of contents. The meaning itself is part of the reply memory address contained in a row.
 
4. EDO RAM
In 1995, were created the type of memory (EDO DRAM) which is a refinement of the FPM. EDO memory is retrievable shorten it a read cycle so as to improve its performance by about 20 percent. EDO has the access time is quite variable, which is about 70ns to 50ns and works at a frequency of 33MHz to 75MHz. Although EDO is a refinement of the FPM, but both can not be installed simultaneously, because of differences in ability.
 
5. PC66 SDRAM
At the turn of the year 1996 - 1997, Kingston creates a memory module which can work on the speed (frequency) the same bus / sync with a working frequency of the processor. That's why Kingston's call this type of memory as a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM). SDRAM is then better known as the PC66 because it works on 66MHz bus frequency. Unlike the previous memory types that require a fairly high working voltage, the SDRAM requires only a voltage of 3.3 volts and has an access time of 10ns.
 
6. PC100 SDRAM
Lapse of the period of one year after PC66 mass produced and used, Intel made a new standard type of memory which is the development of PC66 memory. The new standard was created by Intel to balance the system with the system chipset i440BX Slot 1, which also was created by Intel. This chipset is designed to work at a frequency of 100MHz bus. This chipset is well developed by Intel to be paired with Intel's latest Pentium II processor that works on a 100MHz bus. Because the bus system works at a frequency of 100MHz while Intel still wants to use the SDRAM memory system, it is developing SDRAM memory that can work at 100MHz bus frequency. Like its predecessor PC66, SDRAM memory is then known as PC100.
 
7. DR DRAM
In 1999, Rambus memory system by creating a new architecture and a revolutionary, totally different from SDRAM.Oleh Rambus memory architecture, memory is called Direct Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. By simply using a voltage of 2.5 volts, which works on RDRAM 800MHz system bus via a bus system called the Direct Rambus Channel, to stream the data at 1.6 GB / second of it! (1GB = 1000MB).
 
8. RDRAM PC800
Rambus has also developed an other memory types with the same ability to DRDRAM. The difference lies only in the necessary working voltage. If DRDRAM requires a voltage of 2.5 volts, the voltage RDRAM PC800 work on 3.3 volts. The fate of RDRAM memory is almost the same as DRDRAM, less desirable, if not utilized by Intel.
Intel has succeeded in creating a very high-speed processor requires a memory system that is able to keep up & work well together. SDRAM memory types is not worth it anymore. Intel needs more than that.
 
9. PC133 SDRAM
In addition to the development of RDRAM PC800 memory in 1999, SDRAM memory has not been abandoned, even by the Vikings, even more enhanced. As the name implies, PC133 SDRAM memory works at 133MHz bus frequency with an access time of 7.5 ns and is able to stream data at 1.06 GB per second. Although developed to work on PC133 bus frequency of 133MHz, but memory is also capable of running at 100MHz bus frequency despite the morbidly best capabilities of the PC100 at that frequency.
 
10. PC150 SDRAM
SDRAM memory development is increasingly becoming - so after Mushkin, in 2000 succeeded in developing memory chips capable of working at 150MHz bus frequency, although in fact there has been no official standards regarding the frequency of the bus system or chipset of this magnitude. Still with a working voltage of 3.3 volts, PC150 memory has an access time of 7ns and capable of flowing at 1.28 GB of data per second.
This memory is deliberately created for overclockers, but the user gaming applications and three-dimensional graphics, desktop publishing, and server computers can take advantage of PC150 memory.
 
11. DDR SDRAM
Still in 2000, successfully developed Crucial SDRAM memory capacity is doubled. If pd regular SDRAM is only able to execute the instruction once every single bus frequency clock cycle, the DDR SDRAM is able to execute two instructions at the same time. The technique used is to use the full single frequency wave. If the regular SDRAM only do the instructions on the positive wave, then the DDR SDRAM running good instruction on the positive wave and negative wave. Because of this memory is called DDR SDRAM which stands for Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
 
12. DDR RAM
In 1999 two large companies Intel and AMD microprocessors competing in increasing the clock speed on the CPU. But confronted with obstacles, since when increasing the memory bus to 133MHz Memory requirement (RAM) will be greater. And to solve this problem then be made DDR RAM (double data rate transfer), which was originally used on the graphics card, because now you can use only 32 MB to 64 MB capacity. AMD is the first company to use DDR RAM on the motherboard.
 
13. DDR2 RAM

When the memory type DDR (Double Data Rate) perceived by the accelerating pace began to slow down the performance of the processor and graphics processor, DDR2 memory is the presence of a logical progression in memory technology refers to the addition of speed and anticipation of increasingly wide access point triangle processor, memory and graphic interface attendant computational speed with a double.
The key differences between DDR and DDR2 is the speed of data as well as increased latency doubled. These changes are intended to produce a maximum speed in an increasingly faster computing environment, both at the processor and graphics.
In addition, DDR2 voltage requirement also decreased. If the DDR voltage requirements recorded 2.5 Volt, the DDR2 these needs only 1.8 Volts.
14. DDR3 RAM
DDR3 RAM has a power requirement reduced by about 16% compared to DDR2. This is because DDR3 is already using 90 nm technology so that the required power consumption is only 1.5v, less when compared to DDR2 and DDR 2.5V 1.8v. In theory, owned by the RAM speed is indeed quite stunning. He was able to transfer data with an effective clock of 800-1600 MHz. In the 400-800 MHz clock, much higher than of DDR2 400-1066 MHz (200-533 MHz) and DDR for 200-600 MHz (100-300 MHz). DDR3 prototype of which has 240 pins.

- EVOLUTION OF MODULE
1. SIMM
2. DIMM
3. SODIMM
4. RIMM / SORIMM

Tips for caring for Epson Inkjet Printers

For how to properly care:
1. Printers modifications do not take your side or upside down.
2. The position of the bottle should be level with the printer.
3. When printing process begins, a small lid must be opened.
4. If the printer you want to move the place, all caps on the bottles to be attached tightly.
5. When the bottle will be filled in all caps should be opened, charging the ink can be performed on a large hole in the bottle.
6. If the print is not satisfactory to do head cleaning process.
7. If the ink on the bottle is ¼ do immediately charging the ink.
8. Remove ink waste if it is ½ or ¾ of the bottle.
9. Do not get ink on the bottle completely - completely exhausted.
10. Not attempted to change the brand of ink.


  How to clean the head on the EPSON

When the cartridge is removed there is a large needle is black, it's the channel toward the head. well to clear head, take place in the cleaning fluid in the syringe, then tip syringe hose ditancepin jg given to the black color of the needle. then little suction needle, and press gently. will be smooth. but remember, head underneath the love reply folded tissue or cloth, so that cleaner out of the printer head is not wet.

Speaker EDIFIER C3

Acoustics:
- 8" subwoofer driver; vented housing with port on back wall;
- 2-way satellite with 3" mid-range, and 3/4" tweeter unit with silk diaphragm;
- Complete wooden structure for all speakers; 12mm MDF for sub and 9mm MDF for satellites;
- Passive speakers with external amplifier Electrical:

General:
- Revolutionary voltage regulator circuitry to enable high VS for amplifiers and get best of the chips;
- Digital volume controller
- MCU for master volume, EQ control
- Power output: RMS 2 x 9W + 25W (bass seems not sufficient with 25W power, and study to optimize now)

Inputs:
- RCA inputs for PC on back of external amplifier;
- 3.5mm auxiliary inputs with higher sensitivity on both front panel and back panel of external amplifier; the one on back panel has higher priority of the two;
- Key control switches between the two inputs; input indicators on front panel of amplifier are lit accordingly (same as C2) Outputs:
- Speaker outputs on back panel of external amplifier, wire clippers;
- Headphone outputs on front panel of external amplifier; higher priority than speaker outputs;

Controls:
- Master volume control on front panel of amplifier;
- Input selector, Function (navigate recursively between master volume adjustment, treble adjustment and bass adjustment), and STBY/ON control available on front panel of amplifier (similar to C2);
- Master volume ranges from 0 to 60, and bass/treble trimmer ranges from -9 to +9, 1 on each step;
- Power On/Off switch available on back panel of amplifier;
- IR remote controller with STBY/ON, master volume control, bass/treble trimmer, input selector.

Cosmetic:
- Large metal cabinet for external amplifier;
- Large metal-looking damped volume knob;

The main characteristics of this speaker:

• Power external amplifier design, vertical and horizontal compatible
• The power amplifier uses the metal outer covering, improved the radiation, also has isolated the disturbance.
• Complete wooden structure for all speakers; 12mm MDF for sub and 9mm MDF for satellites
• 8’ subwoofer driver for better bass effect experience
• Uses the silk membrane tweeter and 3.5 inches mid range driver
• A crossover to distibute the frequency between the tweeter and mid-range
• E.I.D.C. (patent own by Edifierr) - Edifier Intelligent distortion control to control the distortion
• Earphone out - volume adjustable
• Microprocessor control, digital multi-purpose demonstration
• Infrared remote control
• 2 audio input

The main advantage of this multimedia speakers:
+ Power amplifier has been created separately, so you could say is no longer an active speaker ...

+ Subwoofer can be placed where aja because apart from the amplifier already ..

+ Satellites can be hung

N + satellite subwoofer mdf already using quality materials ...

+ Satellites using crossover therein

+ Power amplifier using RCA jacks